ALUMINIUM

ALUMINIUM:
               Pure aluminium is a silvery-white metal with many desirable characteristics. It is light, nontoxic (as the metal), nonmagnetic and non-sparking.it is easily formed, machined, and cast. Alloys with small amount of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, and other elements have useful properties. Strength depends on purity,99.99 percent pure aluminium has a tensile strength of about 49Mpa, rising to 700Mpa following alloying and suitable heat treatment. Aluminium is an abundant element in the earth’s crust. A key property is low density. Aluminium is only one-third the weight of steel. Aluminium and most of its alloys are highly resistant to most forms of corrosion. The metal’s natural coating of aluminium oxide provides a highly effective barrier to ravages of air, temperature, moisture and chemical attack. Aluminium is a superb conductor of electricity. This property allied with other intrinsic qualities has ensured the replacement of copper by aluminium in many solutions. Aluminium is non-magnetic and non combustable, properties involve in advanced industries such as electronics. Aluminium is non-toxic and impervious, qualities that have established its use in food packing industries since earliest times. Other valuable properties include high reflectivity, heat barrier and heat conduction properties. The metal is malleable and easily worked by the common manufacturing and shaping process. The age of air travel and other forms of mass transportation have formed the attention of engineers on light metals. About 17% of the Aluminium produced in U.S. is used in manufacturing of air crafts, automobiles, trucks, buses, ships, & trains. Metals commonly classified as light metals are those having density less than that of steel (7.8 g/cm3). Common metals in this classification are aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, and titanium.
             Although aluminum is in abundant supply on earth’s crust, in all solids, clay rocks and minerals, it cannot be easily separated. It can only separated from bauxite. An electrolytic process is used to reduce the alumina. It poses an excellent corrosion resistance and has good electrical, thermal and reflectivity characteristics.
Physical properties:
Density (near room temp) (g/cm3)                           2.70
Melting Point (0C)                                                    660
Boiling Point (0C)                                                    2519
Heat Capacity (J mol-1 K-1)                                      24200
Crystal Structure                                                      F.C.C
Thermal Conductivity (W m-1 K-1)                          237
Brinell hardness (Mpa)                                            245


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