Mechanical

IMPACT TEST:                Impact tests are designed to measure the resistance to failure of a material to a suddenly applied force. The test measures the impact energy, or the energy absorbed prior to fracture. The most common methods of measuring impact energy are the:  Charpy Test  Izod Test Impact Energy:                 Impact energy is a measure of the work done to fracture a test specimen.                                                                                    Impact testing machine                       reading scale &pointer                   ...

TENSILE TEST:                                           A tensile test, also known as tension test, is probably the most fundamental type of mechanical test you can perform on material. Tensile tests are simple, relatively inexpensive, and fully standardized. By pulling on something, you will very quickly determine how the material will react to forces being applied in tension. As the material is being pulled, you will find its strength along with how much it will elongate.                                           Universal Testing Machine (UTM)                 A universal testing machine (UTM), also known as a universal tester, materials testing machine or materials test frame, is used to test the tensile strength and compressive...

Silicon Carbide:                          Silicon carbide (Sic), also known as carborundum is a compound of silicon and carbon with chemical formula Sic It occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral moissanite. Silicon carbide powder has been mass-produced since 1893 for use as an abrasive. Grains of silicon carbide can be bonded together by sintering to form very hard ceramics that are widely used in applications requiring high endurance, such as car brakes, car clutches and ceramic plates in bulletproof vests. Electronic applications of silicon carbide as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and detectors in early radios were first demonstrated around 1907 and today Sic is used in semiconductor electronics applications that are high-temperature, or high-voltage, or both. Large single crystals of silicon carbide can be grown by the Lely method; they can be cut into gems known as synthetic moissanite. Silicon carbide wit...

Zinc:      Brass , which is an   alloy   of copper and zinc, has been used since at least the 10th century BC. Impure zinc metal was not produced in large scale until the 13th century in India, while the metal was unknown to Europe until the end of the 16th century.   Alchemists   burned zinc in air to form what they called " philosopher's wool " or "white snow.  A variety of zinc compounds are commonly used, such as   zinc carbonate   and zinc   (as dietary supplements),   zinc chloride   (in deodorants),   zinc pyrithione   (anti- dandruff   shampoos),   zinc sulphide   (in luminescent paints), and zinc methyl or   zinc diethyl   in the organic laboratory. Zinc, in commerce also   spelter , is a   metallic   chemical element ; it has the symbol   Zn   and   atomic number   30. It is the first element of   group 12   of the ...

Applications of copper:             Copper is malleable and ductile, a good conductor of heat and when very pure, a good conductor of electricity. The purity of copper is expressed as 4N for 99.99% pure or 7N for 99.99999% pure. The numerical gives the number of nines after the decimal point when expressed as a decimal. It is used extensively in products such as copper piping system within tumescent fire stop being installed by an insulator in Vancouver, Canada. 1. ELECTRONICS:  Copper wire  Electromagnets  Printed circuit boards  Lead free solder, alloyed with tin  Electrical machines, especially electromagnetic motors, generator and transformers.  Electrical relays, electrical bush bars and electrical switches.  Vacuum tubes, cathode ray tubes, and the magnetrons in microwave ovens.  Wave guides for microwave radiation.  Integrated circuits, increasingly replacing aluminium because of its superior heat dissipation capacity ...

          COPPER                      Unlike other common metals, the various types of copper are better known by name then by code number. Electrolytic tough-pitch copper is susceptible to embrittlement when heated in reducing atmosphere, but it has high electrical conductivity. Deoxidized copper has lover electrical conductivity but improved cold working characteristics, and it is not subject to embrittlement. It has better welding and brazing characteristics than do other grades of copper. Oxygen free copper has same electrical conductivity as tough pitch copper and is not prone to embrittlement when heated in a reducing atmosphere.             Modified copper include tellurium copper, which contains 0.5% tellurium for free cutting characteristics (selenium and lead are also used for this purpose), an...

Applications of Aluminium:                    Aluminium is the most widely used non-ferrous metal. Global production of aluminium in 2005 was 31.9 million tones. It exceeded that of any other metal except iron (837.5 million tons). Forecast for 2012 is 42–45 million tons, driven by rising Chinese output. Relatively pure aluminium is encountered only when corrosion resistance and/or workability is more important than strength or hardness. A thin layer of aluminium can be deposited onto a flat surface by physical vapour deposition or (very infrequently) chemical vapour deposition or other chemical means to form optical coatings and mirrors . When so deposited, a fresh, pure aluminium film serves as a good reflector (approximately 92%) of visible light and an excellent reflector (as much as 98%) of medium and far infrared radiation.          ...